Reading: Chapters 3, 5 & 6

Classifying Type: pages 236-242
This section discusses the numerous ways that text are classified, which is not consistent across the genres of typographers, type designers, design scholars, historians and foundries. Early classifications coincide with historical periods or 'geographic' styles. Modern and contemporary classification systems are based on common characteristics and attributes.

The Grid: pages 132-147, 212-214
The grid is the framework, or armature, onto which designers lay out text and images. It is based on mathematical calculations that derive either from rational theory or from using the x-height of font as a base, indivisible unit. Standardized grids exist for text only publications (classical books and paperbacks) and for combined text and image publications ( corporate collateral, newspapers, newsletters, websites, etc)